Struggling with NEB Class 12 Computer Science exams? Whether you’re prepping for the 2081/2082 board exams or need quick revisions, NDGURU NEB Class 12 Computer Science Notes are your ultimate resource! Aligned with the latest NEB syllabus (updated 2076/2080), these notes cover all 7 content sections: Database Management, Networking, Web Technology II, Programming in C, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), Software Process Models, and Recent Trends in Technology. Designed by expert Nepali educators, they’ve helped over 5,000 students score 85%+ in recent exams.

Class 12 Computer Science Notes – NDGURU

Chapters	Notes / Solution
Database	View / Download
Networking	View / Download
Web Technology – II	View / Download
Programming in C	View / Download
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP in C++)	View / Download
Software Process Model	View / Download
Computer Peripherals	View / Download
Web Technology (Course)	View / Download
Recent Trends in Technology	View / Download

Chapter-wise Summary Notes

1. Database (DBMS & SQL)

Definition: Organized collection of data.
DBMS Functions: Storage, Retrieval, Security, Integrity.
Keys: Primary, Foreign, Candidate.
SQL: CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT.
Example:

CREATE TABLE Student(
   Roll INT PRIMARY KEY,
   Name VARCHAR(50),
   Marks INT
);

2. Networking

Types: LAN, MAN, WAN.
Topologies: Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh.
Models: OSI (7 Layers), TCP/IP (4 Layers).
Protocols: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, TCP, UDP.
Security: Encryption, Firewall, VPN.

3. Web Technology – II

HTML Basics: <html>, <head>, <body>, <a>, <img>
CSS: Inline, Internal, External.
JavaScript: Variables, Functions, Events.
Example HTML:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>NDGURU</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to Class 12 Web Tech</h1>
</body>
</html>

4. Programming in C

Features: Structured, Compiled, Portable.
Data Types: int, float, char.
Control Statements: if, switch, loops.
Functions: call by value, call by reference.
Example:

#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
   int a=10,b=20;
   printf("Sum=%d", a+b);
   return 0;
}

5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP in C++)

Concepts: Class, Object, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation.
Constructor & Destructor.
Example:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student{
   public:
   string name;
   void display(){ cout << "Name: " << name; }
};
int main(){
   Student s1; s1.name="Naugindar"; s1.display();
}

6. Software Process Model

Models: Waterfall, Spiral, Prototyping, Agile.
SDLC Phases: Requirement → Design → Coding → Testing → Maintenance.

7. Computer Peripherals

Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner.
Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speakers.
Storage: HDD, SSD, Pen drive.

8. Web Technology (Course)

Front-end vs Back-end.
Client-Server Architecture.
Web Servers (Apache, Nginx), Databases (MySQL).
Scripting: PHP, JavaScript.

9. Recent Trends in Technology

AI & Machine Learning.
Cloud Computing.
Internet of Things (IoT).
Big Data.
Blockchain.
Cybersecurity.

FAQs: NDGURU NEB Class 12 Computer Science Notes

What is the passing mark for NEB Class 12 CS?

35% overall (Theory + Practical). Aim for 40+ in theory!

Are these notes updated for 2081/2082 syllabus?

Yes! Fully aligned with NEB’s new grid and curriculum .

How to download NEB Class 12 CS notes PDF?

Click chapter links above—free, no login. For full pack, use ZIP.